Stratified sampling selfselection sampling cluster sampling snowball sampling probability sampling 1. Advantages and disadvantages of snowball sampling answers. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling methods. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the.
It is flexible and meets multiple needs and interests. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. This article attempts to rectify this methodological neglect. Snowball sampling may be defined as a technique for gathering research subjects through the identification of an initial subject who is used to provide the names of other actors. For example, if you are studying the level of customer satisfaction among elite nirvana bali golf club in bali, you will find it increasingly difficult. In this blog you can read more about consecutive sampling example and its advantages and disadvantages. The possibility to collect primary data in a costeffective manner. The population is first segmented into mutually exclusive subgroups, just as in stratified sampling. Please note that some file types are incompatible with some mobile and tablet devices. Another advantage of quota sampling is it gives a better representation of certain groups within the population, without overrepresenting them. Advantages and disadvantages limitations of snowball sampling.
Probability sampling methods give a very small space for judgment. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling. For example, if you are studying the level of customer satisfaction among elite nirvana bali golf club in bali, you will find it increasingly difficult to find primary data sources unless a. Sampling from populations in which individuals are hard to identify can justify clever approaches, but the role of the simple random sampling model in. Snowball sampling involves getting participants to refer others who could also take part. Advantages used when research budget is limited very extensively usedunderstood no need for list of population elements disadvantages variability and bias cannot be measuredcontrolled time consuming. Apr 02, 2019 one final consideration on the advantages and disadvantages of purposive sampling. Giving every member of the population an equal chance at inclusion in a survey requires having a complete and accurate list of population members, and that just isnt possible across an entire nation or the world. Of the many pros and cons of systematic sampling, the greatest.
The biggest advantage of snowball sampling is that it helps researchers find more participants for studies than would be possible by other methods. At the same time, without tight controls and strong researcher skills, there can be more errors found in this information that can lead researchers to false results. Advantages and disadvantages limitations of quota sampling advantages of quota sampling. Assessing limitations and uses of convenience samples. Aug 24, 2018 these cluster sampling advantages and disadvantages can help us find specific information about a large population without the time or cost investment of other sampling methods. As the sample builds up, enough data are gathered to be useful for. Consecutive sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique where samples are picked up at the ease of a researcher more like convenience sampling, only with a slight variation. In simple random sampling, the selection of sample becomes impossible if the units or items are widely dispersed. The usefulness of simple random sampling with small populations is actually a disadvantage with big populations. A research on the habits, thoughts, views, and opinions of people can help us in the betterment of the society. The article provides a description and analysis of some of the problems that were encountered and resolved in the course of using the method in a relatively large exploratory study of exopiate addicts. It enables researchers to select a sample based on the purpose of the study and knowledge of a population. Cluster sampling definition, advantages and disadvantages. The process of snowballing has several advantages, firstly as alluded to above this process is a novel way in getting access to hidden populations of your identified sample.
In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling or chain sampling, chainreferral sampling, referral sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Even if you had a perfect list, it would be very difficult to. For instance, consider we need to sample 3 students from a. When we choose certain items out of the whole population to analyze the data and draw a conclusion thereon, it is called sampling. Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling. Using the quota sample makes the comparison of these groups easy. Pdf comparision of snowball sampling and sequential. The primary objective of this type of nonprobability sample is to produce a. The researcher has little control over the sampling method. Non probability sampling can be very much cost effective as compared to probability sampling. This shows an additional level of detail and highlights a certain amount of rigour in the sampling process.
Apr 18, 2019 researchers use the simple random sample methodology to choose a subset of individuals from a larger population. Studies with snowball sampling can be completed in a short duration of time. Snowball sampling is a technique where a researcher picks the first few samples and either recruits them or asks them to recommend other subjects they know who fit the description of samples needed. In this blog you will read about the types and method of snowball sampling along with its advantages and disadvantages. Snowball sampling problems and techniques of chain referral sampling patrick blernackl sun francisco state university dan waldorf pacific institute for research and evaluation nowball or chain referral sampling is a method that has s been widely used in qualitative sociological research. Snowball sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior and is used in the place where the population is hard to reach. In snowball sampling, the sample population is selected in a social context and in a multistage process, i. The main disadvantage of purposive sampling is that the vast array of inferential statistical procedures are then invalid. It allows for studies to take place where otherwise it might be impossible to conduct because of a lack of participants. Cluster sampling definition advantages and disadvantages. Purposive sampling relies on the presence of relevant individuals within a population group to provide useful data. Snowball sampling or chainreferral sampling is defined as a a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. Snowball sampling is a special nonprobability method used when there are difficulties in identifying members of the population or if the desired sample characteristic is rare.
A study on purposive sampling method in research neetij rai bikash thapa chapter i. Virtual snowball sampling is a variation of traditional snowball sampling and it relies on virtual networks of participants. However, you should be fully aware of the pros and cons of convenience sampling before you conduct research. A very little planning is required to start primary data collection process. This article explains a what snowball sampling is, b how to create a snowball sample, and c the advantages. Since it is done at random, the whole process is unbiased. It allows a population to be sampled at a set interval called the sampling interval. Sociology at surrey university of surrey research socialupdate.
Pdf snowball sampling is a wellknown, nonprobability method of survey sample selection that is commonly used to locate hidden populations. One of the dangers with snowball sampling is that respondents often suggest. It brings new advantages but also disadvantages for the researcher. Advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling. The subjects that the researcher can obtain rely mainly on the previous subjects that were observed. The cluster sampling method comes with a number of advantages over simple random sampling and stratified sampling. In addition to this, sampling has the following advantages also. One of the most obvious limitations of simple random sampling method is its need of a complete list of all the members of the population.
Purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of informationrich cases for the most effective use of limited resources patton, 2002. Dec 04, 2018 the snowball sampling method is extensively used where a population is unknown and rare and it is tough to choose subjects to assemble them as samples for research. This sampling technique needs little planning and fewer workforce compared to other sampling techniques. Nonprobability sampling focuses on sampling techniques that are based on the judgement of the researcher see our article nonprobability sampling to learn more about nonprobability sampling.
Judgmental or purposive sampling the sampling design is based on the judgement of the researcher as to who will provide the best information to succeed for the objectives study. While doing legal research, th e researcher must decide the way of selecting of sample in the legal research. If data were to be collected for the entire population, the cost will be quite high. Sampling ensures convenience, collection of intensive and exhaustive data, suitability in limited resources and better rapport. Judgmental sampling, also called purposive sampling or authoritative sampling, is a nonprobability sampling technique in which the sample members are chosen only on the basis of the researchers knowledge and judgment. Snowball sampling contradicts many of the assumptions underpinning conven tional notions of sampling but has a number of advantages for sampling. Snowball sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the. Probability sampling uses lesser reliance over the human judgment which makes the overall process free from over biasness. Advantage and disadvantage of judgmental sampling, auditing. In sociology, snowball sampling refers to a nonprobability sampling technique which includes purposive sampling in which a researcher begins with a small population of known individuals and expands the sample by asking those initial participants to identify others that should participate in the study. This referral technique goes on and on, increasing the size of the respondent population like a snowball rolling down a hill until the researcher. Consecutive sampling definition, example, advantages. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study for example, if you are studying the level of customer satisfaction among the. A person with sound knowledge and ability on the subject matter can best perform if the person is permitted to conduct nonprobability sampling.
One of the major disadvantages of simple random sampling method is that it cannot be employed where the units of the population are heterogeneous in nature. Auditing assignment help, advantage and disadvantage of judgmental sampling, advantage and disadvantage of judgmental sampling the advantages of judgment sampling the approach is understood as well and has been refined through experience over many years. These cluster sampling advantages and disadvantages can help us find specific information about a large population without the time or cost investment of other sampling methods. The formation of a sample group starts with one individual subject providing information about just one other subject and then the chain continues with only one referral from one subject. The person conducting the research need to focus on those. Convenience sampling is the most easiest way to do that.
Jan 26, 2017 this shows an additional level of detail and highlights a certain amount of rigour in the sampling process. If researchers cannot find enough people or units that meet their criteria, then this process will become a waste of time and resources. May 08, 2019 disadvantages include over or underrepresentation of particular patterns and a greater risk of data manipulation. A researcher hoping to survey business executives, for example, might struggle to convince busy ceos to take the time to fill out a survey. Snowball sampling is where research participants recruit other participants for a test. Representativeness of the sample is not guaranteed. This article explains a what snowball sampling is, b how to create a snowball sample, and c the advantages and disadvantages limitations of. Quota sampling comes with both advantages and disadvantages. Limitations of this approach include nonrandom selection. The article provides the description and comparison of two nonrandom samplings which are snowball or chain referral sampling and sequential sampling. While easier to implement than other methods, it can be costly and time consuming.
Stratified random sampling provides the benefit of a more accurate sampling of a population, but can be disadvantageous when researchers cant classify every member of the population into a subgroup. This method lacks the use of available knowledge concerning the. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball. Snowball sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling technique. Snowball sampling social research update university of surrey. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not selfevident or obvious. The research process outlined above is in fact an example of quota sampling, as the researcher did not take a random sample. Learn about its definition, examples, and advantages so that a marketer can select the right sampling method for research. Inferential statistics lets you generalize from a particular sample to a larger population and make statements about how sure you are that you are right, or about how accurate you are. Snowball sampling is a term used for sampling procedures that allow the sampled units to provide information not only about themselves but also about other units. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research 4 preface the manual for sampling techniques used in social sciences is an effort to describe various types of sampling methodologies that are used in researches of social sciences in an easy and understandable way. The technique works like a chain referral system where existing study subjects recruit additional subjects from their contact groups. If the aim of a study is primarily explorative, qualitative and descriptive, then snowball sampling offers practical advantages hendricks, blanken and adriaans, 1992.
Snowball sampling can be applied for two primary purposes. Snowball sampling also known as chainreferral sampling is a nonprobability nonrandom sampling method used when characteristics to be possessed by samples are rare and difficult to find. Pdf snowball sampling is a wellknown, nonprobability method of survey sample. Check the advantages and disadvantages of convenience sampling. Pros and cons of different sampling techniques international. Similar to snowball sampling, respondentdriven sampling has been suggested to reduce bias so that those with large, open networks are not oversampled heckathorn, 1997. In statistical research, snowball sampling is a nonprobability method used for rare studies or research limited to rare small groups of population. Area sampling or cluster sampling method is employed where the population is concentrated over a wide area and it is not possible to study the whole population at one stage. The main object of sampling design is an important tool of data collecting in the legal research. Snowball sampling or chainreferral sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. Snowball sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. Sample design is a definite plan to determine any data are actually collected for obtaining sample from a given populat ion. Simple random sampling in this technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as subject.
If youre interested in researching a specific group of people, like restaurant managers or crime victims, you need to recruit participants for your study. This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of. Quota sampling has both advantages and disadvantages. Quota sampling is particularly useful when you are unable to obtain a probability sample, but you are still trying to create a sample that is as representative as possible of the population being studied. One final consideration on the advantages and disadvantages of purposive sampling. The snowball sampling method is extensively used where a population is unknown and rare and it is tough to choose subjects to assemble them as samples for research. Since cluster sampling selects only certain groups from the entire population, the method requires fewer resources for the sampling process. Every sampling methods has its own merits and demerits. Researchers use the simple random sample methodology to choose a subset of individuals from a larger population. Snowball sampling may help you discover characteristics about a population that you werent aware existed. Snowball sampling chain referral sampling explorable. Probability sampling uses lesser reliance over the human judgment. Snowball sampling may help you discover characteristics about a. The way of sampling in which each item in the population has an equal chance this chance is greater than zero for getting selected is called probability sampling.
The following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of cluster sampling. This technique relies on existing study participants. These actors may themselves open possibilities for an expanding web of contact. This sel ection of sample is also known as sample design. Fernando sampling advantages and disadvantages of sampling methods advantages disadvantages simple random easy to conduct high probability of achieving a representative sample meets assumptions of many statistical procedures identification of all members of the population can be difficult contacting all.
796 963 986 921 585 1394 1301 837 457 1358 911 544 1195 536 1300 29 88 515 760 695 1273 274 656 321 1074 258 1528 493 507 335 18 36 1458 949 827 810 460 175 506 483 1318 77 594 1284 1388 167